03rd+Quarter+2014

Learn More http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.html The [|Golden Book of Chemistry] http://chemistry.about.com/b/2012/10/01/download-the-golden-book-of-chemistry-experiments.htm http://assets.pearsonschool.com/asset_mgr/legacy/200951/GA_Physical_Grade_8_SRTs_31224_1.pdf [|Why is glass transparent]? [|Home Chemistry Experiments] [|Stuff Matters]

FOURTH QUARTER ASSIGNMENTS

4/3 & 4/4

Part 1 Finish Analysis of __Chem Change Activity__

P. 221 Questions Due

Part 2 __Energy in Chemical Changes__ (Textbook page 220. Do 1 to 5)

Part 3 __Melting & Boiling__ (Copy and know a through f)

a) In melting and boiling, The substance’s identity is not changed.

b) Melting and Boiling Are only physical changes.

c) In melting and boiling, Only the state changes.

d) The energy in a substance increases to produce melting and boiling.

e) If melting and boiling are only physical changes, Freezing is also a physical change.

f) What is the difference between molecular and ionic compounds?

g) Textbook page 195. Do questions 1 to 5.

4/2 Analysis of Chem Change Activity

3/31 & 4/1 Periodic Video Clip - (Group 18, plus mixing Group 1 with Group 17 / Mendelev to Making NaCl) Chem Change Activity

3/24 & 25 Part 1 Periodic Table Test Answers

Part 2 __Bonds__ (Draw the following figures) __Ionic bonds__ (Inside squares) Write the sentences under the title. Figure 9 page 186

__Ionic Compounds__ Write the sentences under the title. (note the charges) Figure 11 page188

__Covalent bonds__ (Note the shared electrons) Write the sentences under the title. Figure 15 page 193

Bonus: __Radioactivity__ Page 160

3/21& 22 Finish Questions on pages 141, 145, & 155 if you talked rather than worked last class period. Finish the Periodic Table facts.

3/19 & 3/20 __P.155 Questions__ Finish Periodic Table Project (What do you have to show for your 90 minutes of class time for this project?)

3/17 & 18 __Melting Points__ p.141 __P145 Questions__

Periodic Table Project Instructions at the link above.

3/13 & 14 Finish Matter Concepts Retake Matter Test Retake Nuclei Quiz again.

3/12 Start: Matter Concepts

3/10 & 3/11 Structure of Matter Review

3/6 & 3/7 Atomic Particles Table

3/5 Also titled Atomic Stuff Atomic Concepts

3/3 & 3/4 Finish the Element Family Notes

Short videos: Ions Atomic Bonds

2/27 & 28 Short Videos Atoms Atomic Model Isotopes Periodic Table Sodium Chloride

Start these notes: Element Families __ELEMENT FAMILIES__ 1. Family Name 2. Group number or numbers? 3. How electrons are involved in reactions? 4. Reactivity comparison? 5. Physical properties and description? 6. Examples, importance, and uses?

__Alkali Metals__ (Group 1) Lose one electron in reactions / Have one outer electron Very Reactive – React violent with water. (to form hydrogen gas which burns due to the exothermic reaction) Shiny and soft physical properties Sodium(Na) and potassium(K) are involved in the function of nerves and muscles. Lithium(Li) is used in batteries and medications

__Alkaline Earth Metals__ (Group 2) Lose two electrons in reactions / Have two outer electrons Almost as reactive as group 1 – highly reactive with water Gray-white and a good conductor of electricity Magnesium(Mg) makes a strong-light alloy with aluminum. Calcium(Ca) major element in teeth and bones

__Transition Metals__ (Groups 3 -12) Lose two or three electrons in reactions. Slightly reactive – Iron(Fe) rusts in water. Silver(Ag) and copper(Cu) tarnish. Strong, hard, and shiny except for mercury(Hg) Iron(Fe) is part of the oxygen carrying molecule in blood.

__Carbon Family__ (Group 14) Can gain, lose or share four electrons to react / four outer electrons Non metal and a solid, coal, graphite, and diamond Organic molecules made by living things contain carbon. Carbon is found in long chains such as hydrocarbons found in fuels, and lipids. Silicon and germanium are metalloids used in electronics Tin and lead have the properties of metals

__Nitrogen Family__ (Group 15) Gain or share three electrons to react / five outer electrons Unreactive gas but some bacteria can “fix” elemental nitrogen. Atmosphere is 80% elemental nitrogen. Fertilizer contains nitrogen compounds. Phosphorus is a reactive solid discovered by boiling the water from 60 buckets of urine.

__Oxygen Family__ (Group 16) Can gain or share electrons to react / six outer electrons Contains three nonmetals / physical properties vary Highly reactive and combines with most elements Oxygen most abundant element in the crust and is required by most cells. Sulfur is use in manufacturing and battery acid

__Halogen Family__ (Group 17) Gains or shares one electron to react / seven outer electrons Very reactive and dangerous / Water will burn in fluorine Chlorine in small amounts is used to kill bacteria Carbon and fluorine make up nonstick coatings Fluoride a salt form of fluorine prevents tooth decay.

__Inert Gases__ (Group 18) Eight outer electrons / doesn't gain or share electrons Nonreactive Used in lights and to float balloons

P. 154 __ Hydrogen __ P. 154 __Semimetals__ P. 155

[|Families]

2/26

2/24 & 25 Structure of Matter Test

__Atoms__ (Notes to review for retaking the nuclei quiz.) 1. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three subatomic particles that make up atoms. 2. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom. 3. Electrons are found in a cloud around the nucleus. Much larger area than the nucleus 4. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines the kind of atom. 5. Nuclei are tiny, but contain almost all the mass of an atom. 6. 1,836 electrons equal the mass of one proton or neutron. 7. Protons (+), neutrons (0), electrons (-) Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. 8. Usually atoms have a neutral charge, because each proton will attract an electron to the atom. 9. The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in its nucleus. 10. Atomic mass is the average mass of an element’s atoms. (Atomic mass is the average number of protons and neutrons together.) 11. Subtracting an element's Atomic Number from its Atomic Mass will give the number of neutrons in the element's atoms. Or, Atomic Mass minus Atomic Number equals the number of neutrons. 12. Atoms of the same kind with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Bonus: The number of protons in an atom determines its element. Changing the number of neutrons in an atom changes its isotope.

2/20 & 2/21



Structure of __Matter Test Answers__ 1. All substances are made of atoms.

2. A gas will fill a container.

3. Molecules of a: gas move freely liquid slide past each other solid only vibrate locked in place

4. States of Matter: Gases have no definite shape or volume. Liquids have a definite volume, but no shape of their own. Solids have a definite shape and volume.

5. As substances increase in temperature, the motion of their molecules increases. motion increases: Solid to liquid to gas motion decreases: Gas to liquid to solid

Structure of Matter Test Answers 6. The process of melting changes a solid to a liquid.

7. What is State A State B State C State A – bouncing free State B – Sliding around State C – Locked in position

8. Which state of matter has the greatest amount of molecular motion? Solids, liquids, gases, or plasma Plasma are like gases except they contain enough energy to temporarily free their atom’s electrons.

9. The part of the graph between liquid and gas represents the boiling point. 10. The particles in a liquid must move faster to become a gas.

11. Atomic Particles: 12. The atomic number on top is how many protons are in the atom.

13. Protons are positively charged, while electrons are negatively charged; so in a neutral atom, the number of proton and electrons are equal.

14. The number of protons in an atom is equal to the element’s atomic number.

15. What elements are in CaO? Calcium and Oxygen

16. The region around the nucleus represents a cloud of electrons.

17. What is the atomic mass of this atom? 14amu 7p+ 7n 7e-

18. What is the atomic mass sodium? Atomic mass is the sum of the protons and neutrons. 23amu 11p+ 12n 11e-

19. How many neutrons does the magnesium atom have? Atomic mass minus atomic number = number of neutrons 25 – 12 = 13 neutrons Atomic Mass = 25 Atomic number = 12

20. What elements are in NaCl? Sodium = Na Chlorine = Cl

__Nuclei Activity Quiz__ (Did you learn the concepts or just play with the beans?)

Word Bank: Atomic mass, Atomic number, Cloud, Electron(s), Isotope, Mass number, Neutron(s), Nuclear, Nucleus, Proton(s) (Some words are used more than once, others are not used at all.)

1. The tiny positively charged region in the center of an atom is called the

……………………………….. 2. The positively charged particles in an atom’s nucleus are called

………………………………… 3. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the

………………………………… 4. The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is the

………………………………….. 5. The average mass of an element’s atoms is the element’s

…………………………………….

6. Subtract an elements ………………………………………..……………… from its

……………………………………….……………… to determine the number of neutrons in its nucleus.

7. ……………………………………………………….. minus …………………………………………….. equals the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an element.

8. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called ………………………………………………

2/18 & 19 Nuclei Activity (Textbook pages 129,130, 137, 128 & 134)

Model or represent the particles in the nuclei of the 20 lightest elements. Then organize the elements in a logical order. Only represent the particles in the nuclei.

1. What is found in the nuclei of atoms?

2. What is the mass of a proton? neutron? (amu)

3. What two particles make up 99.9 percent of an atoms mass?

4. Compare atomic mass number and atomic number.

Atomic mass number is the mass of an atom's ............ and ........, but atomic number is only the mass of the ............

5. How can you determine the number of neutrons in an atom of an element using the periodic table?

2/10 Development of Atomic Theory (Textbook p. 125) Tell each scientist's addition or improvement to atomic theory. Tell what evidence each addition or improvement was based on.

Atomic theory grew as a series of models that developed from experimental evidence. As more evidence was collected, the theory and models were revised. Democritus Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr Cloud Model Chadwick Modern Atomic Model

More info

2/6 & 2/7 Temperature and __Changes of State__ (Textbook page 100) Draw the graph and answer the questions.

__Graphing Gas Behavior__ (Textbook page 111) Draw the graph and answer the questions.

Learn from these figures: Pressure Figure 15 / TB p. 105

Temperature and Volume Figure 17 / TB p. 106 Figure 18 / TB p. 107

Pressure and Volume Figure 20 / TB p. 108 Figure 21 / TB p. 109 Figure 22 / TB p. 109

Pressure and Temperature Figure 23 / TB p. 110

2/5 Make up day / Notebook check

http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/measuringmatter/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/motionsforcesandtime/buoyancy/ http://www.brainpop.com/technology/transportation/submarines/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/compoundsandmixtures/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/energy/temperature/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/statesofmatter/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/matterchangingstates/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/propertychanges/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/conservationofmass/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/salt/ http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/periodictableofelements/

2/3 & 2/4 __ States of Matter __ (Textbook pages 91 to 101/ Put the information into a three column table.) Solids A. Solids don't spread out in a container. B. A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. C The particles in a solid are closely packed and locked in position, so they can only vibrate. D. When a substance freezes, the particles in the liquid move so slowly that they begin to take on fixed positions. E. Sublimation occurs in some substance that change directly from a solid to a gas with enough thermal energy. (Dry Ice)

Liquids A. Liquids take the shape of the bottom and sides of a container. B. A liquid has a definite volume, but no shape of its own. C. In a liquid the particles are closely packed, but are loosely connected and move/slide past one another. D. In melting, the particles in a solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions.

Gases A. A gas fills the container holding it. B. A gas has no definite volume or shape. (Squeeze and empty plastic bottle with the top on.) C. In gases, the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently. D. Vaporization takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move independently, forming a gas. E. Condensation occurs when a substance looses thermal energy and changes from a gas to a liquid. (like on a mirror near a shower)

States of Matter

1/30 & 1/31 __Comparing Energy Changes__ (Textbook p. 75/ The answers were explained.) Use the graph to answer the questions. Your goal is to understand these answers. 1. The x-axis show the length of the experiment was 10 minutes. 2. The temperature of both beakers changed. The temperature in beaker A increased, while the temperature in beaker B decreased. 3. Beaker A's temperature increased, so the reaction in it was exothermic. This occurred because chemical energy was released as thermal energy due to the reaction. 4. Beaker A (51 - 22 = 29) Beaker B (22 - 5 = 17) The temperature in beaker A changed 12 more degrees than the temperature of beaker B

(Textbook pages 82 & 83) 17. Thermal energy was released from the reaction as shown by the increase in temperature making it an exothermic reaction. (Remember burning releases thermal energy and is exothermic.) 19. A is an element composed of molecules B is an element composed of atoms. 20. 21. Both A & D are molecules but A is an element, while D is a compound. 22. C is a mixture. C contains both elements and compounds in the forms of both elements and compounds. 2. Hydrogen(2g) + Oxygen(16g) --> Water(??g) + Energy Add the masses of the reactants to get the mass of the product. Water = 18g 3. Water has different properties from both hydrogen and oxygen. 4. The change is a chemical change and energy as a product shows the reaction is exothermic. 7. A is a pure compound composed of molecules. B is a pure element composed of molecules. C. is a mixture of elements composed of molecules. D. is a pure element composed of molecules.
 * A/ || Pure substance/ || Molecules/ || is an element ||
 * B/ || Pure substance/ || Atoms/ || is an element ||
 * D/ || Pure substance/ || Molecules/ || is a compound ||

1/29 Finish work from 1/27 & 28

1/27 & 1/28 __Modeling Molecules__ (Textbook page 63) Write the sentence under the title. Draw and label the molecules.

__ Conserving Matter __ (Textbook page 71) Write the law of conservation of matter. Write the two sentences under the title. Draw the figure and label it. Write the chemical equation under the drawing. Count the atoms on each side of the reaction arrow.

__Is Matter Conserved__ (Textbook page 72) 1. Answer the question 2. Draw the table and fill in the fourth column. 3. Draw the graph. Use intervals of 50 on the horizontal axis. Use intervals of 100 on the vertical axis.

__Physical Chemical Properties Table__ (Textbook pages 60 & 61) Make a table.

__Carbon Atom__ (Textbook page 63) Draw and label the atom model with the parts.
 * __Physical Properties__ || __Chemical Properties__ ||
 * Density || New substance produced ||
 * State changes like melting || New properties arise ||
 * Texture and Color || Flammability ||
 * Flexibility || Ability to react ||

Discuss figure 7 on textbook page 64 with class. Discuss figure 10 on textbook page 66 with class. Discuss dissolving using figure 12 on textbook page 68 Discuss examples of chemical change using figure 13 on textbook page 70.

1/23 & 1/24 __Describing Matter__ (Textbook page 67) 1 through 4 __Changes in Matter__ (Textbook page 72) 1 through 2c.

1/21 & 122 __Matter Term__s: In a three or four sentence paragraph tell the similarities and differences. Start with a topic sentence. 1. Compare and contrast the terms element and compound. 2. Compare and contrast the terms matter and substance. 3. Compare and contrast physical and chemical properties. 4. Compare and contrast atoms and molecules. 5. Compare and contrast compounds and mixtures. 6. Compare and contrast a heterogeneous mixture and a solution.